en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine گزارش موردی Case Report Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><i>Legionella pneumophila</i> is a thin, aerobic, Gram-negative, pathogenic bacillus and the leading cause of Legionnaires&rsquo; disease (LD) in human, <span lang="EN-CA">especially those with </span>high risk c<span lang="EN-CA">onditions including </span>immune system disorders or chronic lung disease<span lang="EN-CA">s</span>. The mortality rate of LD has been reported to be 60% or h<span lang="EN-CA">igher</span> in inappropriately treated cases. Investigating the prevalence of <i>L. pneumophila</i> and identifying contaminated sources in hospital settings are essential steps that should be taken to control the disease and evaluate the efficacy of interventional strategies. Currently, the culture method is considered as the &ldquo;gold standard&rdquo; for detecti<span lang="EN-CA">on of</span> <i>L. pneumophila</i> and&nbsp; LD<span lang="EN-CA"> diagnosis.</span> I<span lang="EN-CA">n this</span> case report of severe LD in Iran<span lang="EN-CA">, we studied</span> a 60-year-old male patient<span lang="EN-CA"> with</span> underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)<span lang="EN-CA">. We also presented</span> the clinical and pathophysiological features <span lang="EN-CA">of LD as well as its </span>diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The importance of early diagnosis of <i>L. pneumophila</i> infection in patients with COPD is<span lang="EN-CA"> also</span> highlighted.</span></span></span></p> Legionella pneumophila, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Legionnaires' disease, Pneumonia, Iran 103 106 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5907-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Arfaatabar m.arfaatabar@iaukashan.ac.ir 5200319475328460078978 5200319475328460078978 No Dept. of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran Ghasem Azimi azimi.gh@yahoo.com 5200319475328460078979 5200319475328460078979 No Dept. of Internal Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ensieh Masoorian e.masoorian@gmail.com 5200319475328460078980 5200319475328460078980 No Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sareh Bagheri-Josheghani bagheri.sa41@gmail.com 5200319475328460078981 5200319475328460078981 No Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Maryam Ghobahi maryamghobahi@gmail.com 5200319475328460078982 5200319475328460078982 No Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbass, Iran Mohammad Reza Pourmand mpourmand@tums.ac.ir 5200319475328460078983 5200319475328460078983 Yes Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran