en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">&nbsp;Background & Objective:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b>&nbsp;</b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="color:black">Anthracosis is a bronchoscopic finding characterized by the presence of black pigments in the bronchial mucosa. In this study we examined the relationship between anthracosis and pulmonary tuberculosis in a sample size much larger than previous studies in order to alleviate the ambiguities and controversy surrounding this issue.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&nbsp;Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></span></b> &nbsp;<span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2010 to October 2016 on patients referred to the hospital for bronchoscopy due to any respiratory problem. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was sampled during bronchoscopy and the smears and cultures of tuberculosis mycobacterium acquired from the samples were examined.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Results: </span></span></span></b><b>&nbsp;</b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">In this study, 2377 patients were studied. The patients aged between 30 and 96 years, and of all patients, 1397 individuals were male. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with and without anthracosis was 9.24% and 3.07%, respectively (<i>P</i><0.001). The frequency ratio of females with anthracosis in comparison with males with anthracosis showed that the prevalence of this disease among females is higher than in males (<i>P</i><0.001).</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><b>&nbsp;</b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="color:black">Pulmonary tuberculosis and anthracosis are related to each other and there is a direct relationship between the prevalence of pulmonary anthracosis and age and the female sex.</span></span></span></span></div> Anthracosis, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Iran, Tuberculosis 11 16 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5181-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mitra Samareh Fekri mitra.samareh.fekri@gmail.com 5200319475328460049427 5200319475328460049427 Yes Cardiovascular Research Center‚ Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences‚ Kerman University of Medical Sciences‚ Kerman‚ Iran Ahmad Shafahee ashafahee021@yahoo.com 5200319475328460049428 5200319475328460049428 No Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Rostam Yazdani drryazdani@yahoo.com 5200319475328460049429 5200319475328460049429 No Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mehdi Hashemi Bajgani hashemimehdi70@yahoo.com 5200319475328460049430 5200319475328460049430 No Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Naghavi Naghavi.mohammad@gmail.com 5200319475328460049431 5200319475328460049431 No Kerman County Health Center, Diseases Prevention and Control Unit¸ Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mahnaz Sheykhshoaee Ekhtiarabadi Sheykhshoaee@gmail.com 5200319475328460049432 5200319475328460049432 No Kerman County Health Center, Diseases Prevention and Control Unit¸ Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran