en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine گزارش موردی Case Report Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is the result of excessive cytokine release, leading to over-response by immune cells, such as macrophages and T lymphocytes. Here, we report a lethal case of HLH with a complete clinical course. The patient was a 45-year-old man with fever and chills since two months ago plus splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and pancytopenia. The Anti-HBc IgM was positive, but the HBS antigen, anti-HCV, and HBS antibody were negative. Assessment for cirrhosis was carried out by FibroScan, which showed F4 grade.<br> &nbsp;The biopsy sampling was impossible due to the low platelet count. During admission, generalized bleeding was developed and led to alveolar hemorrhage, which subsequently resulted in the patient&#39;s death. Liver necropsy certified the diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome. Overall, according to the reported case in this paper, it should be remembered that secondary HLH is an inflammatory phenomenon due to different conditions, such as latent newly-developed infections.</span></span></p> Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 119 123 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5182-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Vahid Kaveh kaveh_vahid@yahoo.com 5200319475328460051699 5200319475328460051699 No Dept. of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Iran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahin Keshtkar Rajabi sh_rajabi64@yahoo.com 5200319475328460051700 5200319475328460051700 Yes Dept. of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Iran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran