en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine مقاله مروری Review Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Background and Objective:</span></span>&nbsp;</strong><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed">Hearing loss as a sensory disorder is among the most common developmental disorders. Based on the universal neonatal screening results, the incidence of hearing deficit is 1&ndash;3 per 1000 live births in the well-baby nursery population and 2&ndash;4 in 100 newborns in the intensive care community. The aim of this study was to highlight the main risk factors for hearing loss based on the existing evidence.</span></span><br> <strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Materials and Methods:</span></span>&nbsp;</strong><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed">We searched all observational studies related to risk factors of hearing loss from 1990 to 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science direct, and google scholar search engines. Quality of the included studies was evaluated by the STROBE checklist. Totally, 17 observational studies met our inclusion criteria.</span></span><br> <strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Results:</span></span></strong>&nbsp;<span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed">In most of the reviewed studies, the relations between hearing loss in infants and some maternal and neonatal variables such as ventilatory support, craniofacial anomalies, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, Apgar scores, sepsis, asphyxia, stay in intensive care units, respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary surfactant were statistically significant.</span></span><br> <strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Conclusion:</span></span>&nbsp;</strong><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed">Our results indicated that ventilator support, craniofacial anomalies, low birth weight, and hyperbilirubinemia were the main statistically significant risk factors for hearing-loss.</span></span></span></span></p> Infants, Hearing Loss, Systematic Review 200 210 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5593-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Roya Raeisi r_reisi2@yahoo.com 5200319475328460073454 5200319475328460073454 No Dept. of Pediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Ali Moradi amoradi1350@yahoo.com 5200319475328460073455 5200319475328460073455 No Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Khaled Rahmani khaledrahmani111@yahoo.com 5200319475328460073456 5200319475328460073456 No Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Pegah Ameri pegah.ammeri@gmail.com 5200319475328460073457 5200319475328460073457 No Clinical Research Development Unit of Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Zohreh Shalchi Z.shalchi@umsha.ac.ir 5200319475328460073458 5200319475328460073458 Yes Dept. of Pediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran