en Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiologic Studies مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Background and Objective:</span></span>&nbsp;</strong><span style="line-height:200%">Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection badly affects the liver and represents a critical health problem in Egypt. The parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, or amebiasis were highly distributed among Egyptian citizens and affect the liver status in various ways. Co-infections of these parasites with HCV are pos&shy;sible and accompanied by negative clinical consequences. The current study shed the light on the incidence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>, and <i>Schistosoma</i> infections among the HCV patients from Menoufia Province, Egypt.</span><br> <strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Materials and Methods:</span></span>&nbsp;</strong><span style="line-height:200%">One hundred and eighty HCV infected patients were examined for <i>T. gondii</i>, <i>E. histolytica</i>, and <i>Schistosoma</i> using ELISA or indirect haemagglutination test, and fecal examination was done to detect the <i>E. histolytica </i>cyst stage<i> or Schistosoma mansoni</i> ova.</span><br> <strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Results:</span></span></strong>&nbsp;<span style="line-height:200%">Overall incidence of <i>T. gondii</i> IgG and IgM was 65% and 3.89%, respectively. Moreover, the incidence of <i>E. histolytica</i><i>,</i><i> </i>and <i>Schistosoma mansoni </i>was (50% and 21.67) and (42.22% and 1.67%), using serological means and stool examination, respectively. Multiple parasitic infections (<i>T. gondii</i> and<i> E. histolytica</i>), (<i>T. gondii</i> and<i> Schistosoma</i>), (<i>E. histolytica</i><i>,</i><i> </i>and <i>Schistosoma</i>), and (<i>T. gondii</i>,<i> E. histolytica</i><i>,</i><i> </i>and <i>Schistosoma</i>) were 22.78%, 16.67%, 10.56%, and 10.56%, using serological means, respectively, among HCV-infected patients. Significant differences were demonstrated in the incidence of <i>T. gondii</i>, <i>E. histolytica</i>, and <i>Schistosoma</i> among HCV patients based on age, gender, and residence.</span><br> <strong new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><span style="color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#16a085;">Conclusion:</span></span>&nbsp;</strong><span style="line-height:200%"><i>T. gondii</i>, <i>E. histolytica</i>, and <i>Schistosoma</i> mono- or multiple infections highly exist among HCV patients from Menoufia Province, Egypt.</span></span></span></p> Keywords: Toxoplasma, Entamoeba, Schistosoma, HCV, Co-infection, Egypt 431 437 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5960-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hany M. Ibrahim hanyibrahimeg@gmail.com 5200319475328460073614 5200319475328460073614 Yes Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt Azza H. Mohamed azza_hassan_2006@yahoo.com 5200319475328460073615 5200319475328460073615 No Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt Hend S. Mabrook hendmabrook0731@yahoo.com 5200319475328460073616 5200319475328460073616 No Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt