en Life Science Life Science مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Background & Objective:</b> Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are proteins that play key roles in inflammation. METH and buprenorphine (BUP) both modulate pain, but the exact mechanism underlying their antinociceptive effects is unknown. As a result, the expression of TLR1 and TLR2 genes was examined in METH rats that had been treated with or without BUP.</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:200%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Materials & Methods:</b> A total of 77 rats were classified into 11 subtypes (n = 7): control (saline), BUP 6 or 10 mg/kg, METH (10 mg/kg), METH+BUP 6 or 10 mg/kg, or withdrawal groups. The treatments were intraperitoneally administered for 5 or 14 days. RT-PCR evaluated genes expressed in the brain stem area.</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:200%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Results:</b> The results showed that TLR1 gene expression in the METH group (10 mg/kg; 5 days) considerably improved compared with the control group. Furthermore, BUP injection (10 mg/kg) acutely decreased TLR2 gene expression compared with the METH group. In the METH + BUP (10 mg/kg; 14 days) group, TLR1 expression was higher than in the METH group. The coadministration of METH+BUP (10 mg/kg) acutely decreased TLR2 gene expression compared with METH.</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:200%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Conclusion: </b>There are limited changes in these genes, and their role in METH consumption and inflammation is unclear. Due to the presence of these two genes in the inflammatory pain and addiction signaling pathways, they may have more clear roles in other parts of the nervous system.</span></span></span></span></p> Buprenorphine, Methamphetamine, Brainstem, Toll-like receptors, Inflammation 9 15 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6681-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Niloufar abdollahi niloufarabdollahi98@gmail.com 5200319475328460089187 0009-0008-4569-0953 No Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Homeira Hatami homeira.hatami9@gmail.com 5200319475328460089188 5200319475328460089188 Yes Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Dariush Shanehbandi dariush_shanehbandi@yahoo.com 5200319475328460089189 5200319475328460089189 No Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Shabani shabanimoh@yahoo.com 5200319475328460089190 5200319475328460089190 No Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Reihaneh Sadeghian reihaneh.sadeghian5@gmail.com 5200319475328460089191 5200319475328460089191 No Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran