en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine گزارش موردی Case Report Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" times="">This case report describes a 53-year-old female with newly diagnosed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed septic arthritis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae during induction chemotherapy with a modified CALGB protocol. The diagnosis was challenging, requiring multiple imaging modalities (ultrasound, MRI, and PET scan), and was ultimately confirmed via synovial fluid culture obtained through arthroscopy. Despite targeted antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention, the patient experienced persistent joint dysfunction, necessitating referral for total hip arthroplasty. This case highlights the importance of high clinical suspicion for septic arthritis in immunocompromised patients, the critical role of synovial fluid analysis in diagnosis, and the need for multidisciplinary management.</span></span></span></span></p> Septic Arthritis, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Arthroplasty, Klebsiella pneumoniae 237 240 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7137-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nasrin Gholami Gholamin@tbzmed.ac.ir 5200319475328460085000 5200319475328460085000 No Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Shalaleh Aghaei shalalehaghaei@gmail.com 5200319475328460085001 5200319475328460085001 Yes Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Gholamreza Ravaei gholamrezaravaei3@gmail.com 5200319475328460085002 0009-0002-2101-7955 No Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Shahab Mahdipour Shahab5mph@gmail.com 5200319475328460085003 5200319475328460085003 No Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shohada Educational Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran