en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Background & Objective:</span></span><b> </b>&nbsp;</b>Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of risk factors in breast cancer patients and their association with disease progression and survival.<br> <b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&nbsp;Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">A retrospective analysis was conducted on 400 breast cancer patients treated between 2011 and 2021 at Sina and Farmaniyeh hospitals in Tehran. The study evaluated clinical factors like hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, alongside reproductive histories and lifestyle factors such as smoking and oral contraceptive use. Tumor characteristics and 5-year survival outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier methods.</span><br> <b><span lang="EN-IN"><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Results: </span></span></span>&nbsp;</b><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Hypertension was correlated with advanced tumor stages (P = 0.048) and higher grades (P = 0.025). Early menarche is associated with lymphovascular involvement (P = 0.005) and an increased risk of metastasis (P = 0.049). Additionally, smoking significantly raised the risk of lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001). Survival analysis revealed a non-significant trend toward reduced 5-year survival in hypertensive patients (log-rank P = 0.288), with cumulative hazard curves indicating higher mortality rates. No significant associations were found for diabetes, family history, or contraceptive use.</span><br> <b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Conclusion: </span></span>&nbsp;</b>The results indicate that hypertension is linked to aggressive tumor characteristics, potentially affecting disease progression. Although the connection to survival was not statistically significant, the increased risk in hypertensive patients calls for further research. Additionally, early menarche and smoking correlate with negative tumor features, emphasizing the need to monitor hypertension and address lifestyle factors in breast cancer management.</span></span></p> Breast Neoplasms, Disease Progression, Hypertension, Survival Analysis 209 217 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6968-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui dr.m.makoui@zums.ac.ir 5200319475328460084988 5200319475328460084988 Yes Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Reza Hassanzadeh Makoui makoui42@yahoo.com 5200319475328460084989 5200319475328460084989 No Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Shiva Fekri fekri43@zums.ac.ir 5200319475328460084990 0009-0008-1435-9053 No Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Negar Ansari negaransari92@gmail.com 5200319475328460084991 5200319475328460084991 No Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Fazel Shokri fshokri@tums.ac.ir 5200319475328460084992 5200319475328460084992 No Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mehdi Amiri m_amiri@tums.ac.ir 5200319475328460084993 5200319475328460084993 No Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Lobat Geranpayeh geranpay@tums.ac.ir 5200319475328460084994 5200319475328460084994 No Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran