Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research

en Biogenic Sinapis alba Silver Nanoparticles Reprogram Apoptotic and Proliferative Signaling in Esophageal Cancer Cells Bionanotechnology Bionanotechnology مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article Background and Objective: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatments. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective anticancer agents is of considerable interest. This study investigated the in vitro anticancer potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles prepared using the aqueous seed extract of Sinapis alba against the human esophageal cancer cell line SKGT-4, with comparison to the normal HBL-100 cell line. Materials and Methods: Green-synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity using cell viability assays. Their effects on cell migration and apoptosis were examined by migration assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. In addition, the relative expression levels of Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 genes were quantified by RT-qPCR. Results: The biosynthesized AgNPs significantly reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. After 72 h of treatment, growth inhibition in SKGT-4 cells reached approximately 87%, with an IC₅₀ value of about 220 µg/mL, whereas the IC₅₀ for HBL-100 cells was 456 µg/mL, indicating preferential cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. The nanoparticles also suppressed cell migration and markedly increased apoptotic cell death. Gene expression analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of Caspase-8, while Caspase-9 expression remained close to the control level. Conclusion: Biosynthesized AgNPs derived from Sinapis alba exhibited promising in vitro anticancer activity by selectively inhibiting esophageal cancer cell growth, reducing migration, and promoting apoptosis, primarily through activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.   Silver nanoparticles, SKGT-4 cells ,Apoptosis, Cell migration, Gene expression 36 36 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7555-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ali A.A. Al.Ali ali.abdalhassan@uobasrah.edu.iq 5200319475328460090326 5200319475328460090326 No 0000- 0002-8910-1267, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah , Iraq Zahraa Q.A. Al-Ghalibi zahraaqusay355@gmail.com 5200319475328460090327 5200319475328460090327 Yes 0009-0009-9048-7919 Department of Biology ,College of Education- Qurna ,University of Basrah, Iraq Hasna A.M. Mohaus HasnaMohaus@gmail.com 5200319475328460090328 5200319475328460090328 No 0000-0001-8889-8748 Department of Biology ,College of Education- Qurna ,University of Basrah, Iraq