en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine گزارش موردی Case Report Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication in patients with hematologic malignancies. We report a case of a 30-year-old man who presented with upper respiratory symptoms, followed by progressive fatigue, polydipsia, and polyuria. Laboratory evaluation revealed pancytopenia, and bone marrow biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of AML-M2. Despite initial chemotherapy, the patient experienced persistent polyuria and hypernatremia (148&ndash;156 mmol/L). Endocrine evaluation revealed urine osmolality of 159 mOsm/kg, serum osmolality of 298 mOsm/kg and a desmopressin challenge confirmed CDI (>50% increase in urine osmolality). MRI demonstrated loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot and deviation of the pituitary stalk. The patient was treated with intranasal desmopressin, with symptomatic improvement. Despite therapy, the leukemia proved refractory, and the patient eventually succumbed to his illness. This case underscores the importance of early recognition of CDI in patients with AML, as timely diagnosis and management can mitigate severe complications.</span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> acute myeloid leukemia, central diabetes insipidus, polyuria 2 2 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7137-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nasrin Gholami Gholamin@tbzmed.ac.ir 5200319475328460088329 5200319475328460088329 No Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-0186 Shalaleh Aghaei shalalehaghaei@gmail.com 5200319475328460088330 5200319475328460088330 Yes Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-7033 Gholamreza Ravaei gholamrezaravaei3@gmail.com 5200319475328460088331 5200319475328460088331 No Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2101-7955