en Medical Biology Medical Biology مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Objectives</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: This study examines the in vitro antimicrobial properties of black and yellow grape juice and raisin extracts against 12 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and five <i>Candida </i>species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay: antibacterial activity by disk diffusion, MIC and MBC tests: biofilm inhibition by a microtiter plate method: and wound-healing potential by a scratch assay.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <span style="color:black">MTT assay showed that black and yellow grape juices and yellow raisin were non-toxic up to 30 &micro;g/mL, while black raisin was safe only up to 15 &micro;g/mL. Disk diffusion demonstrated antibacterial activity of all extracts against most tested bacteria except <i>A.baumannii</i> and Methicillin-resistant<i> S.aureus</i>. The strongest inhibition zones were observed for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, and <i>S. maltophilia</i>, varying by extract type, while <i>E. coli</i> and <i>E. coli O157</i> showed the lowest sensitivity. None of the extracts showed antifungal activity against <i>Candida</i> species. The highest MIC for yellow and black raisin extracts were 15 &micro;g/mL for <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>S.maltophilia</i>. In extracts of yellow and black juice, the highest MIC for <i>S.epidermidis</i> and <i>S.maltophilia</i> was visible at a concentration of 30 &micro;g/mL. Black grape juice showed the greatest inhibition of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm formation. The yellow and black juice showed an increase in wound-healing activity. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Grape extracts, owing to their minimal side effects as natural compounds, hold promise as a basis for novel treatments against diseases caused by the bacteria discussed here.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Antibacterial activity, Biofilm inhibition, Grape extracts, Natural compounds, Wound healing 5 5 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5817-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Farid Azizi Jalilian No Safoora Aghaei No Kobra Heidarzadi No Somayeh Shokri No Razieh Amini No Iraj Pakzad No Morovat Taherikalani taherikalani@gmail.com No Shahab Mahmoudvand Mahmoudvandsh100@gmail.com No Nastaran Ansari ansarinastaran@yahoo.com No Zahra Ramezannia zahraramezannia93@gmail.com No Amir Keshavarzi Drkeshavarzi@yahoo.com No Gholamreza Kalvandi Yes