en Bionanotechnology Bionanotechnology گزارش کوتاه Short Communication <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color:#008080;"><strong>Background & Objective:</strong></span> Mutations in <em>emb</em>B306 gene and their association with resistance to ethambutol (EMB) in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>M. tuberculosis</em>) have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the point-mutations in <em>emb</em>306B gene and their association with resistance to EMB in <em>M. tuberculosis</em>.</span></span><br> <span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color:#008080;"><strong>Materials & Methods:</strong></span> This case<em> (M. tuberculosis</em> resistant to EMB) -control <em>(M. tuberculosis</em> sensitive to EMB) study was performed in the West of Iran (2014-2015), in order to determine the sensitivity of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> strains. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-DNA sequencing was used for determining the point-mutations of <em>emb</em>B306 gene in both groups (sensitive and resistant to EMB). Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 and Fisher&#39;s exact test.<br> <span style="color:#008080;"><strong>Results:</strong></span> Fifty <em>M. tuberculosis</em> strains were isolated from 1019 patients that were suspected to have tuberculosis (TB). 86% of the isolates were sensitive and 14% were resistant to EMB. <em>Emb</em>B306 gene sequencing showed no mutation in control samples; but mutation was observed in 85.71% of resistant samples in case samples. The <em>emb</em>B306 mutation showed a significant relationship with EMB resistance (<em>P</em>= 0.00).<br> <span style="color:#008080;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong></span> Mutations in <em>emb</em>B306 were observed in the strains resistant to EMB; however, there was no mutation in the sensitive group. There is a direct relationship between these mutations and this type of resistance, so it is an indicator of creation of resistance to EMB in<em> M. tuberculosis</em>.</span></span></p> embB306 Gene, Ethambutol, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Point-Mutations 43 48 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5214-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Bahman Mohammadi microbiol_sci2013@yahoo.com 5200319475328460048806 5200319475328460048806 Yes Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Rashid Ramazanzadeh 5200319475328460048807 5200319475328460048807 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Samaneh Rouhi roohi.samaneh@yahoo.com 5200319475328460048808 5200319475328460048808 No Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Parviz Mohajeri 5200319475328460048809 5200319475328460048809 No Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Bijan Nouri 5200319475328460048810 5200319475328460048810 No Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran