Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research

en Design and Validation of the Questionnaire to Determine the Warmness and Coldness of the liver Mizaj (Temperament): A Self-Report Scale Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article Background & Objective:  Traditional medicine use is growing, highlighting the need to standardize diagnostic indices and treatment methods. In Persian medicine (PM), the concept of Mizaj (temperament), especially the Mizaj of major organs such as the heart, brain, and liver, has an important role in diagnosing and treating diseases. The present study aimed to provide a standard tool for diagnosing the warm-cold Mizaj of the liver.  Materials & Methods:  A two-stage exploratory study reviewed literature and interviewed PM specialists to identify and construct questions related to liver Healthy Mizaj and Su-e-Mizaj (dystemperament). After assessing the preliminary questionnaire's validity and reliability, the final questionnaire's sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff point were determined. The normal distribution was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov. ANOVA, post-hoc tests, and the Mann-Whitney test were used for normal distribution data. Results:  Twenty PM specialists, methodologists, and 245 volunteers participated in this study. The initial questionnaire was regulated based on 180 items in the data pool and after different stages of validity and reliability assessment, 13 items remained. Sensitivity and specificity according to the cutoff point were, respectively, 79 and 74 for the warm liver Mizaj, 80 and 74 for the cold, and so 70 and 77 for the moderate liver Mizaj. Conclusion:  For diagnostic and research purposes, this is the first self-report questionnaire that assesses the warm and cold liver Mizaj in people aged 20 to 60.   Persian medicine, Mizaj, Temperament, Traditional Iranian medicine, liver, Questionnaire 415 426 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5091-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 parisa jafari Parisa.jafari.1349@gmail.com 5200319475328460082280 5200319475328460082280 No Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mortaza Mojahedi mortazamojahedy@gmail.com 5200319475328460082281 5200319475328460082281 No epartment of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mojgan Tansaz tansaz_mojgan@yahoo.com 5200319475328460082282 5200319475328460082282 No Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Ilkhani ilkhanir@sbmu.ac.ir 5200319475328460082283 5200319475328460082283 No Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Abbassian abbasian@sina.tums.ac.ir 5200319475328460082284 5200319475328460082284 No Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hasan Namdar h.namdar@shahed.ac.ir 5200319475328460082285 5200319475328460082285 No Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahed University,Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Saberi Isfeedvajani drsaberihaji@gmail.com 5200319475328460082286 5200319475328460082286 No Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center & Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Armin Zareyian arminzj@yahoo.com 5200319475328460082287 5200319475328460082287 No Department of Health in Disaster & Emergencies, Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, Nursing Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hoda Shirafkan hodashirafkan@gmail.com 5200319475328460082288 5200319475328460082288 No Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Abbas Ebadi Ebadi1347@yahoo.com 5200319475328460082289 5200319475328460082289 No Nursing Research Center, Clinical Sciences institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Hakimi dr_fhakimi1384@yahoo.com 5200319475328460082290 5200319475328460082290 No Department of Traditional Medicine,School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran Meysam Shirzad shirzadmd@gmail.com 5200319475328460082291 5200319475328460082291 No Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Mahshid Chaichi-Raghimi chaichi.m@gmail.com 5200319475328460082292 5200319475328460082292 No Department of Traditional Medicine,School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran Elham Parsa elham_parsa1360@yahoo.com 5200319475328460082293 5200319475328460082293 No Department of Traditional Pharmacy and Persian Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Roshanak Mokaberinejad mokaberi@gmail.com 5200319475328460082294 5200319475328460082294 Yes Department of Traditional Medicine,School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran