en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine گزارش موردی Case Report Article <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div> <table align="left" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-top:0in; padding-right:12px; padding-bottom:0in; padding-left:12px" valign="top"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication in patients with hematologic malignancies. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with upper respiratory symptoms, followed by progressive fatigue, polydipsia, and polyuria. Laboratory evaluation revealed pancytopenia, and bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of AML-M2. Despite initial chemotherapy, the patient experienced persistent polyuria and hypernatremia (148&ndash;156 mmol/L). </span></span></span><br> <span new="" roman="" times=""><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">Endocrine evaluation revealed a urine osmolality of 159 mOsm/kg, a serum osmolality of 298 mOsm/kg, and a desmopressin challenge confirmed CDI (>50% increase in urine osmolality). MRI demonstrated the loss of the posterior pituitary hyperintensity and deviation of the pituitary stalk. </span></span></span><br> <span new="" roman="" times=""><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">The patient was treated with intranasal desmopressin, resulting in symptomatic improvement. Despite therapy, the leukemia proved refractory, and the patient eventually succumbed to disease progression. This case underscores the importance of early recognition of CDI in patients with AML, as timely diagnosis and management can mitigate severe complications.</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> acute myeloid leukemia, central diabetes insipidus, polyuria 142 145 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7137-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nasrin Gholami Gholamin@tbzmed.ac.ir 5200319475328460090073 5200319475328460090073 No Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Shalaleh Aghaei shalalehaghaei@gmail.com 5200319475328460090074 5200319475328460090074 Yes Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Gholamreza Ravaei gholamrezaravaei3@gmail.com 5200319475328460090075 0009-0002-2101-7955 No Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran