en Clinical Medicine Clinical Medicine مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Background & Objective:</span></span><b> </b></b><span style="color:black">Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. It is believed that biological and genetic factors play a key role in the development of autism. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)<b> </b>often present with<b> </b>nutritional, metabolic, and gastrointestinal abnormalities<b> </b>that can affect their calcium and vitamin D₃ states. The reason for assessing these parameters is based on biological, behavioral, and pharmacological factors that may increase the risk of disease abnormalities. This study aims to compare the autism patient group with a control group in terms of gender and age distribution, as well as assess the levels of calcium and Vitamin D3 in both groups.</span><br> <b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&nbsp;Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">The study was conducted on 50 autism patients and 50 individuals in the control group. Data related to gender and age group were collected, along with measurements of calcium and Vitamin D3 levels in the blood. So, it was approved to conduct the study by the Thi-Qar Health Department, Research and Department of the College of Pharmacy / University of Thi-Qar. This study was conducted from 11/2024 to 4/2025, at Thi-Qar Rehabilitation Center for autistic disorders.</span></span><br> <b><span lang="EN-IN"><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Results: </span></span></span>&nbsp;</b><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">It showed significant differences between the two groups. The proportion of males in the autism group was higher (74%) compared to the control group (42%). This could be due to the normal variation of the selected samples in this study. The most represented age group in the autism patients was 7-10 years (42%), while the most represented age group in the control group was 11 years and older (50%). Additionally, the study found a significant decrease in both calcium and Vitamin D3 levels in autism patients compared to the control group.</span></span><br> <b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Conclusion: </span></span>&nbsp;</b><span style="color:black">The findings suggest a significant relationship between calcium and Vitamin D3 deficiencies in autism patients, which may contribute to the severity of the symptoms.</span></span></span></p> Serum Calcium, Vitamin D3, Children, Autism Spectrum Disorders 31 39 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7402-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Firas Fadhil Alyaseen firasalyaseen@utq.edu.iq 5200319475328460087524 0009-0000-8157-9066 Yes Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq