en Pharmacology Pharmacology مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Background & Objective:</span></span><b> </b></b><i><span style="color:black">Syzygium aromaticum</span></i><span style="color:black"> is the scientific name for the aromatic flower buds of an Indonesian native tree from the Myrtaceae family.&nbsp; Cloves contain bioactive compounds such as caryophyllene, eugenol, and acetyl eugenol, which have been shown to possess various physiological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anesthetic effects. The present study aims to examine the antibacterial effects of <i>S. aromaticum</i> extracts prepared using different solvents (methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, n-hexane, and chloroform) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.</span><br> <b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">&nbsp;Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">A total of 93 urine samples were collected from inpatients at Al-Sadder Hospital in Maysan, Iraq. The study specifically targeted urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of various <i>S. aromaticum</i> extracts (prepared using methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, hexane, and chloroform) was evaluated against the isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 62.5, 125, and 500 &micro;g/mL and compared with a standard antibiotic. This investigation aimed to verify the antimicrobial potential of <i>S. aromaticum</i> against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, with the findings highlighting its promise for medicinal applications.</span></span><br> <b><span lang="EN-IN"><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Results: </span></span></span>&nbsp;</b><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phlobatannins, and saponins in the extracts. Among the tested extracts, the ethanol extract showed the lowest activity against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, producing an inhibition zone of 24 mm at 500 &micro;g/mL. The methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone of 40 mm at 500 &micro;g/mL. The <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin, Neomycin, Enrofloxacin, Imipenem, and Meropenem but resistant to Cefadroxil, Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, and Sulfamethoxazole.</span></span><br> <b><span style="background:#2d7f8f"><span style="color:white">Conclusion: </span></span>&nbsp;</b><span style="color:black">The results demonstrate notable antibacterial activity of <i>S. aromaticum </i>particularly its methanolic extract against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. This potent activity is attributed to its diverse phytochemical composition. Overall, <i>S. aromaticum</i> shows potential as a natural source for developing novel antimicrobial agents capable of combating multidrug-resistant infections.</span></span></span></p> S. aromaticum, Phytochemical Composition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Urinary Tract Infections 148 155 http://journal.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7412-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Diana Basim Abdulhameed Al-Qaysi diana_basim@uomisan.edu.iq 5200319475328460087648 5200319475328460087648 Yes Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq Zahraa Qasim Mousa mazahahi2015@gmail.com 5200319475328460087649 5200319475328460087649 No Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq Zainab Jabbar Sukkar zainab.jabbar@uomisan.edu.iq 5200319475328460087650 0009-0003-1402-1515 No Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq