Background and Objective: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease with eosinophilic infiltration of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, especially in stomach and small bowel. The etiology of the disease is unknown.
Case Report: A 61 year man was admitted because of epigastric pain for 10 days with burning quality with an increase after each meal. Laboratory tests showed mild leukocytosis with 5% eosinophilia, mildly elevated ESR & CRP and serum IgE at upper normal limit. Increased mucosal thickness was shown in posterior gastric wall and the descending part of duodenum seemed narrow with thick irregular wall. CT scan and esophago-gastro-duedenoscopy revealed gastric distention and erythema in D1 region with luminal narrowing. Pathology report from D1, showed inflammatory infiltration with eosinophilia in lamina propria. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone. All complaints and manifestations disappeared soon after treatment and the radiologic studies showed normal image.

Background & Objective: Recommended illumination Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) methods were used to measure the illumination in regular geometric areas such as square or rectangular form areas. It seems that with using the GIS method which is used to save, manage and spatial data analysis and processing them by computer we would be able to examine the illumination in many situations and make new predictions. Materials & Methods: In this research the Testo 545 luxmeter sensor was put in height of 30 inches (76 cm) from the bottom of irregular geometric study saloon in libraries of Zanjan. Then total, natural and artificial illumination was measured in the center of each station in lux. These data were entered into Arcview software as input data for analyzing. Thus the illumination quantities, the area coverage percent and isolux curves were obtained for each station. Results: The results showed that illumination quantities in the libraries studied were not suitable because, total, natural and artificial illumination in 51% , 80% and 99% of the libraries were less than 300 lux (IESNA recommended) respectively. Therefore it is necessary to redesign the artificial lighting systems or optimize them in order to achieve the standard illumination. Conclusion: It seems that GIS method could show the distribution of the illumination in the irregular geometric library halls. These data can also be showed as isolux curves with use of interpolation technique by ArcView software.

Sheehan’s syndrome has a broad spectrum of clinical and laboratory signs that range from nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, fatigue and anemia to severe hypophyseal insufficiency, which results in coma and death. We collected data from 18 patients diagnosed with Sheehan’s syndrome during the past 10 years. Patients profiles, including history, physical examination, clinical presentation that lead to diagnosis, routine biochemical tests, lipid profiles, thyroid function tests, and basal hypophyseal hormone levels were reviewed. The time spent for making a definitive diagnosis of the disease ranged between 10 to 30 years with a mean of 15.55 ± 5.04 years. Five patients (22%) had disturbances in their levels of consciousness at the time of presentation (four with hypoglycemia, one with severe hypothyroidism). Seven patients (39%) were evaluated for central hypothyroidism in outpatient service before definite diagnosis. All of the patients had a history of massive hemorrhage at delivery and lack of postpartum milk production. All of the patients have received replacement doses of Levothyroxine and Prednisolone. Considering the duration of disease, significant delays appear to occur in its diagnosis and treatment.

Background and Objective: Esophageal variceal bleeding is associated with a high mortality rate and expensive hospitalization costs. By diagnosing predicting factors of rebleeding at admission, and proper course of action, we can minimize the rates of mortality rebleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the predicting factors of rebleeding in patients hospitalized because of variceal hemorrhage by Child Turcotte Pugh Classification. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 patients with variceal bleeding, whom were admitted to the Tabriz Imam Khomeini Hospital from June 2007 to May 2008, were recruited. The demographic characteristics including age, gender, etiology, CTP classification, and also various clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data were recorded for each patient. Patients were divided into case and control groups (with or without variceal bleeding) and predictive factors of rebleeding were determined. Results: A total of 68 patients with mean age of 49.88±16.42 were in non-bleeding and 32 patients with mean age of 54.2 ±19.8 were in rebleeding groups, respectively. The size of varices (P=0.046), encephalopathy (P<0.05), ascites (P<0.005), and CTP classification (P<0.0001) had predictive effects on rebleeding. Overall, 12 were CTP class A, 59 CTP class B, and 29 CTP class C. The level of sensitivity to CTP and bilirubin with the aid of ROC evaluation was found to be higher than 85% and 62%, respectively. Conclusion: Determination of the CTP class and grade at admission, in patients with variceal bleeding can provide useful prognostic information. In this study, patients with CTP class B were strongly susceptible to rebleeding. The risk of rebleeding increases significantly in patients with higher levels of bilirubin, or severe ascites or encephalopathy, and they require prophylactic measures.

Background and objective: Association of 6q loci, where IGF2R gene is located, with insulin resistance has been well established. In this study, relationship between 3'UTR and type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance indices in non diabetic subjects was investigated. Materials and Methods: 350 participants (175 diabetic type 2 patient and 175 non-diabetic individuals) were entered in this study. Demographic data were collected. BMI and serum levels of glucose, lipid profiles and IGF2 of all participants were measured. Genotype polymorphism of studied participants was determined by PCR-RFLP method. Then, the relationship between genotypes and insulin resistance indices was measured and analyzed using statistical procedures of ANOVA and post hoc analysis. Results: The genotypes frequency comprised CC (6.85%), AA (33.45%), and CA (59.55%), indicating that the frequency of carrier with CA genotype polymorphism was significantly (P<0.05) higher in type 2 diabetic patients (80.6%) than in non-diabetic participants. Serum FBS levels of CA carriers were significantly (P=0.001) higher than carriers of other two genotypes (CC and AA). The mean levels of serum IGF2 in participants carrying CC and CA genotypes were significantly (P= 0.001) more than other participants carrying genotype AA. Conclusion: (C>A) IGF2R3′UTR polymorphism was associated with type 2 diabetes and some insulin resistance indices especially FBS. However, the A allele may have a protective effect on developing type 2 diabetes. References 1- Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010 87: 4-14. 2- Pettitt DJ, Talton J, Dabelea D, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in U.S. youth in 2009: The search for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care. 2014 37: 402-8. 3- Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world — a growing challenge. N Engl J Med. 2007 18: 213-5. 4- Hegele RA, Pollex RL. Gentic and physiological insights into metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 289: 663-9. 5- Tritos NA, Mantzoros CS. Clinical review 97: syndromes of severe insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 83: 3025-30. 6- Laureys G, Barton DE, Ullrich A, Francke U. Chromosomal mapping of the gene for the type II insulin-like growth factor receptor/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor in man and mouse. Genomics. 1988 3: 224-29. 7- Riesewijk AM, Xu YQ, Schepens MT, et al. Absence of an obvious molecular imprinting mechanism in a human fetus with monoallelic IGF2R expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 245: 272-77. 8- Brown J, Gilbert R, Delanie C. Structure and functional analysis of the IGF-II/IGF2R interaction. EMBO J. 2008 27: 265-76. 9- Ong KK, Dunger DB. Developmental aspects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001 185: 145-49. 10- Müller MJ, Lagerpusch M, Enderle J, Schautz B, Heller M, Bosy-Westphal A. Beyond the body mass index: tracking body composition in the pathogenesis of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev. 2012 13: 6-13 11- Ludwig T, Eggenschwiler J, Fisher P, D’Ercole AJ, Davenport ML, Efstratiadis A. Mouse mutants lacking the type 2 IGF receptor (IGF2R) are rescued from perinatal lethality in IGF2 and IGF1R null backgrounds. Developmental Biology. 1996 177: 517-35. 12- Binici DN, Karaman A, Coşkun M, Oğlu AU, Uçar F. Genomic damage in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Genet Couns. 2013 24:149-56. 13- Duggirala R, Blangero J, Almasy L, et al. A major locus for fasting insulin concentrations and insulin resistance on chromosome 6q with strong pleiotropic effects on obesity-related phenotypes in nondiabetic Mexican Americans. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 68: 1149-64. 14- Villuendas G, Carretero JIB, Bermejo AL, et al. The ACAA-insertion/deletion polymorphism at the 30 UTR of the IGF-II receptor gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and surrogate markers of insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrin. 2006 155: 331-36. 15- Lv K, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Jia K, Sun S. Allele-specific targeting of hsa-miR-657 to human IGF2R creates a potential mechanism underlying the association of ACAA-insertion/deletion polymorphism with type 2 diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 374: 101-5. 16- Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998 15: 539-53. 17- Dalton M, Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ, et al. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults. J Intern Med. 2005 254: 555-63. 18- Matsuda M, DeFronzo R. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing. Diabetes Care. 1999 22:1462-70. 19- Fridwald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972 18: 499-502. 20- Bloomgarden MD. Concepts of insulin resistance. Metab Synd Related Disord. 2005 3: 284-93. 21- Bouche C, Serdy S, Kahn CR, Goldfine AB. The cellular fate of glucose and its relevance in type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev. 2004 25: 807-30. 22- San Millan JL, Corton M, Villuendas G, Sancho J, Peral B, Escobar-Morreale HF. Association of the polycystic ovary syndrome with genomic variants related to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 89: 2640-46. 24- Di Bacco A, Gill G. The secreted glycoprotein CREG inhibits cell growth dependent on the 5 mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor. Oncogene. 2003 22: 5436-45.

Background and Objective: Retinopathy is a common difficulty in diabetic subjects. Hyperglycemia damages the tissues through stimulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Since the antioxidant function of garlic has been proven, in the current report the activity of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) upon the oxidative stress and inflammation in the retinal substances of rats with diabetes was investigated.
Materials and Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were distributed in 4 groups: the healthy rats,  the rats with diabetes (DM2),the garlic- treated rats with diabetes (DM2+AGE), and the garlic- treated healthy rats (AGE). After the treatment was finished, oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), thiol group (SH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assayed. For the evaluation of inflammation, mRNA and protein levels of transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-β2) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were measured in retinal homogenates using real-time PCR and ELISA, correspondingly.
Results: In  the DM2 rats, TAC and thiol group diminished (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), whereas TOS and LPO increased (p<0.01 and p<0.001, correspondingly) compared to the control rats. In the DM2+AGE rats TAC and thiol group increased (p<0.01 and p<0.05, correspondingly), whereas TOS and LPO diminished (p<0.05 and p<0.001, correspondingly) compared with DM2 rats. The gene expression and protein concentrations of TGF-β2 and IL-1β increased in  the DM2 rats compared to the healthy group, whereas these parameters decreased in the DM2+AGE rats compared to the untreated rats with diabetes (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings revealed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory results of garlic extract. Thus, garlic extract could be beneficial for lessening diabetes-induced retinopathy.