Background and Objective: Different pharmaceutical types of metformin are available for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is some doubt about the efficacy of metformin produced by domestic pharmaceutical companies. As a clinical trial, we compared the efficacy and complications of metformin produced by an Iranian company with metformin from a Canadian company in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Eighteen eligible women (age range: 32-62 years) with type 2 diabetes received metformin (500 mg twice a day) either from Iranian company or from Canadian company each for 6 weeks period in a randomized, double blind, crossover study. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, lipid profile (Chol, TG, HDL, and LDL), weight, and BMI were assessed before and after each treatment phase. The results were compared with each other by paired sample T-test and Independent sample T-test. Results: Each of the two pharmaceutical types of metformin had the same therapeutic effects on FBS, HbA1C, lipid profile (except for HDL) and BMI. In addition, there was no significant difference between them in side effects (22.2% in each group). Conclusion: According to the beneficial therapeutic effects of Iranian metformin, lower side effects and low cost, in comparison to its Canadian type, it seems that using Iranian metformin would be a suitable choice for control of glycemic patients. However, in this regard, further studies with greater samples are recommended.

Background and Objective: Abortions are the most common complications of pregnancy. This study was conducted to figure out primary outcomes of surgical and conservative management of incomplete abortions in early pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Mousavi and Vali Asr hospitals of Zanjan in 2008-2009.
48 women with incomplete abortions were divided into two groups based on their own preferences: conservative management (n=25) and surgical management (n=23). In the conservative group, the patients were granted with a two-week interval for spontaneous resolution and then a sonoghraphy was performed. In the surgical group curettage was done and after two weeks patients were visited. In both groups, we compared satisfaction, time taken to do normal activities, bleeding days, pelvic pain and the need for follow up care after two weeks.
Results:  In the conservative group, spontaneous resolution occurred in 19 patients (76%) after two weeks. In this group satisfaction was higher and time taken to return to the normal activities was shorter than the surgical group, but bleeding days was longer in the conservative group and more patients needed follow up care after 2 weeks. There was no significant difference in pelvic pain between two groups.
Conclusion: Conservative management is a superior alternative method in the management of incomplete abortions in early pregnancy. However, further researches are necessary in order to attribute these results to all patients.

Background and Objective: Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed to restore life after clinical death. CPR was formerly being used for out- of- hospital arrests. Nevertheless, it is increasingly applied for in-hospital arrests. Due to differences in speed of action of in-hospital and out- of -hospital CPRs and also numerous disease features, there are striking differences in their success rate and indexes. Attendance of expert CPR team in hospital also affects success. This study was conducted to evaluate the factors related to the success rate of CPR in Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study data was collected from in-hospital CPRs in Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Zanjan during 2008. The correlations between the success rate of CPR and some factors including age, sex, illness background, the first rhythm in monitoring, the admitting ward, and time intervals (including the time intervals elapsed between patient admission and cardio-vascular arrest and between collapse and initiation of CPR, the attendance of CPR team, intubation, and cardioversion) were analyzed. 
Results: 302 cases (46% male and 54% female) were included in this study. 72 (23.8%) indicated a primary success and 10 (3.3%) subjects experienced a full success and then discharged from the hospital. After adjustment for confounding variables only three factors were found to be independently associated with a successful CPR; the time necessary for the attendance of CPR team,  lack of monitoring of the patients before the arrest and the first cardiac rhythm at the time of cardiovascular collapse.

Conclusion: Extremely experienced CPR team and their timely prompt attendance on the CPR scene was the most important factor to increase the efficiency of in-hospital CPRs. The rate of success in CPR was not dependent on cardiac monitoring and was not increased in intensive care units. It seems that delayed use of the intensive care units decreases their efficacy in the success of CPRs.

Background and Objective: Energy and nutrient needs of pregnant women increase significantly during pregnancy. Continuing education on pregnancy diet and providing proper nutrition is necessary to promote the health of both mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal preparation for childbirth courses on the pregnant women nutritional behavior. Materials and Methods: This was a clinical experimental study performed on 280 pregnant women expecting their first childs. They were randomly divided into the test and control groups. Women in the test group were trained both theoretically and practically for eighth 90-minute sessions. By contrast, those in the control group received routine care only. Data collection was conducted in two phases: pre- and post-test. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square and t-Test. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to age, body mass index (BMI), education level, age, and employment status. There was no significant difference in nutritional behavior between the two groups pre-intervention (P=0.238). However, following the intervention, the amount of nutritional behavior in the test group (38.12 +5.54) was significantly higher than the controls (29.12 +11.12), (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that arragnement of pregnancy courses had a positive effect on mothers’ nutritional behavior. Thus, implementing this program as a continuous intervention for pregnant mothers is recommended.

Background and Objective: Self-efficacy is defined as a belief in one’s capabilities to cope with stressful situations and execute a specific coping behavior. Previous researches verify the efficiency of childbirth preparation classes as one of the convenient methods in helping women to deal with labor pain the most severe pain that women may experience in their lifetime. This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of childbirth preparation classes on self-efficacy of pregnant women in coping with labor pain in Zanjan province. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental case –control study was carried out on 60 subjects who were randomly assigned to two equal groups of 30. The case group comprised 30 pregnant women who attended to childbirth preparation classes whereas the control group received only standard antenatal care. Questionnaires were completed through face to face interviews one hour after the delivery in postpartum delivery room. To determine the effect of childbirth preparation classes on self-efficacy in delivery of pregnant women, childbirth self-efficacy inventory and attitude questionnaire was used. Results: Mean scores of self-efficacy in the control and case groups were 221.5±65.86 and 241.7±61.68 respectively. Despite higher self-efficacy scores in the case group, the difference between the two groups was not significant as indicated by independent t-test. Conclusion: This study supports the substantial effect of childbirth preparation classes in perceived self- efficacy of pregnant women in delivery.