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Volume 32, Issue 155 (November & December 2024)
J Adv Med Biomed Res 2024, 32(155): 415-426 |
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Ethics code: IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1395.624
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jafari P, Mojahedi M, Tansaz M, Ilkhani R, Abbassian A, Namdar H, et al . Design and Validation of the Questionnaire to Determine the Warmness and Coldness of the liver Mizaj (Temperament): A Self-Report Scale. J Adv Med Biomed Res 2024; 32 (155) :415-426
URL: http://journal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-7540-en.html
URL: http://journal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-7540-en.html
Parisa Jafari1 
, Mortaza Mojahedi2 , Mojgan Tansaz3 , Reza Ilkhani3 , Alireza Abbassian4 , Hasan Namdar5 , Mohsen Saberi Isfeedvajani6 , Armin Zareyian7 , Hoda Shirafkan8 , Abbas Ebadi9 , Fatemeh Hakimi10 , Meysam Shirzad11 , Mahshid Chaichi-Raghimi10 , Elham Parsa12 , Roshanak Mokaberinejad *13
, Mortaza Mojahedi2 , Mojgan Tansaz3 , Reza Ilkhani3 , Alireza Abbassian4 , Hasan Namdar5 , Mohsen Saberi Isfeedvajani6 , Armin Zareyian7 , Hoda Shirafkan8 , Abbas Ebadi9 , Fatemeh Hakimi10 , Meysam Shirzad11 , Mahshid Chaichi-Raghimi10 , Elham Parsa12 , Roshanak Mokaberinejad *13
1- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
2- epartment of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
3- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahed University,Tehran, Iran.
6- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center & Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7- Department of Health in Disaster & Emergencies, Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, Nursing Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
8- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
9- Nursing Research Center, Clinical Sciences institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10- Department of Traditional Medicine,School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
11- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
12- Department of Traditional Pharmacy and Persian Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
13- Department of Traditional Medicine,School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran ,mokaberi@gmail.com
2- epartment of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
3- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahed University,Tehran, Iran.
6- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center & Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7- Department of Health in Disaster & Emergencies, Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, Nursing Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
8- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
9- Nursing Research Center, Clinical Sciences institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10- Department of Traditional Medicine,School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
11- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
12- Department of Traditional Pharmacy and Persian Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
13- Department of Traditional Medicine,School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (231 Views)
Background & Objective: Traditional medicine use is growing, highlighting the need to standardize diagnostic indices and treatment methods. In Persian medicine (PM), the concept of Mizaj (temperament), especially the Mizaj of major organs such as the heart, brain, and liver, has an important role in diagnosing and treating diseases. The present study aimed to provide a standard tool for diagnosing the warm-cold Mizaj of the liver.
Materials & Methods: A two-stage exploratory study reviewed literature and interviewed PM specialists to identify and construct questions related to liver Healthy Mizaj and Su-e-Mizaj (dystemperament). After assessing the preliminary questionnaire's validity and reliability, the final questionnaire's sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff point were determined. The normal distribution was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov. ANOVA, post-hoc tests, and the Mann-Whitney test were used for normal distribution data.
Results: Twenty PM specialists, methodologists, and 245 volunteers participated in this study. The initial questionnaire was regulated based on 180 items in the data pool and after different stages of validity and reliability assessment, 13 items remained. Sensitivity and specificity according to the cutoff point were, respectively, 79 and 74 for the warm liver Mizaj, 80 and 74 for the cold, and so 70 and 77 for the moderate liver Mizaj.
Conclusion: For diagnostic and research purposes, this is the first self-report questionnaire that assesses the warm and cold liver Mizaj in people aged 20 to 60.
Materials & Methods: A two-stage exploratory study reviewed literature and interviewed PM specialists to identify and construct questions related to liver Healthy Mizaj and Su-e-Mizaj (dystemperament). After assessing the preliminary questionnaire's validity and reliability, the final questionnaire's sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff point were determined. The normal distribution was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov. ANOVA, post-hoc tests, and the Mann-Whitney test were used for normal distribution data.
Results: Twenty PM specialists, methodologists, and 245 volunteers participated in this study. The initial questionnaire was regulated based on 180 items in the data pool and after different stages of validity and reliability assessment, 13 items remained. Sensitivity and specificity according to the cutoff point were, respectively, 79 and 74 for the warm liver Mizaj, 80 and 74 for the cold, and so 70 and 77 for the moderate liver Mizaj.
Conclusion: For diagnostic and research purposes, this is the first self-report questionnaire that assesses the warm and cold liver Mizaj in people aged 20 to 60.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Clinical Medicine
Received: 2024/07/16 | Accepted: 2025/01/26 | Published: 2024/10/10
Received: 2024/07/16 | Accepted: 2025/01/26 | Published: 2024/10/10
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