Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an advancing neurodegenerative condition, and early diagnostic biomarkers are crucial to detect it in the pre-dementia stage. The formation of Amyloid beta relies on the proteolytic processing of precursor proteins, a critical biological stage controlled by the enzymes Beta-Secretase 1 (BACE1) and gamma-Secretase activating protein (GSAP). Multiple factors regulate the expression of BACE1 and GSAP, with microRNAs (miRs) playing a particularly significant role. Notably, fluctuations in the expression of certain miRs can precede any detectable changes in AD-associated genes. This is probably related to the unique and dynamically regulated expression pattern of specific miRs, such as members of the miR-29 family, miR-124, and miR-455-3p, which have shown significant regulatory roles in the pathophysiological context of AD. Thus, miRs may serve as non-invasive, cost-effective biomarkers for AD screening and diagnosis. For this purpose, a thorough literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find original English-language articles published between 2008 and 2025. The search focused on studies examining miRs that target BACE1 or GSAP in the context of Alzheimer's amyloidogenic pathways. Study selection was performed according to narrative review principles. Therefore, this review aims to pinpoint the specific microRNAs that modulate BACE1 and GSAP and to assess their clinical utility as new biomarkers for early-stage AD detection.