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Ethics code: Approval No. REC145, dated December 1, 2023

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Association of Omentin-1 and CRP Levels with Periodontitis Severity in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study of 160 Saliva Samples
Sajjad A. Jreo1 , Dalia K. Abbas *2
1- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Prevention Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
2- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Prevention Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq , dalia_abbas@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
Abstract:   (73 Views)

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis exhibit a well-established bidirectional relationship, where systemic inflammation serves as a critical mechanistic link. Omentin-1, an anti-inflammatory adipokine with potential metabolic regulatory effects, and C-reactive protein (CRP), a widely recognized marker of systemic inflammation, may play opposing yet interconnected roles in this association. This Cross-Sectional Study study evaluated salivary Omentin-1 and CRP levels in T2DM patients across different periodontitis stages compared to healthy controls.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 160 participants were enrolled: 32 healthy controls and 128 T2DM patients stratified into four equal groups by periodontitis stage (I–IV). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and periodontal parameters (PPD, CAL, BOP) were recorded. Omentin-1 and CRP levels were quantified via ELISA.
Results: Omentin-1 levels were significantly higher in controls (210.61 pg/mL) than in T2DM-periodontitis patients (P < 0.001), declining progressively with advancing stages (Stage I: 180.72; Stage II: 153.16; Stage III: 123.90; Stage IV: 122.82 pg/mL). Conversely, CRP levels were elevated in T2DM-periodontitis patients (P < 0.001), rising with severity (Stage I: 120.4; Stage II: 178.0; Stage III: 289.4; Stage IV: 501.0pg/mL) versus controls (45.3 pg/mL).
Conclusion: Salivary Omentin-1 decreases with periodontitis progression in T2DM, while CRP increases, suggesting Omentin-1’s potential protective role against inflammation. These biomarkers may help monitor periodontitis severity and metabolic dysfunction in T2DM, underscoring their clinical relevance.

Keywords: Omentin, C-Reactive Protein, Periodontitis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Saliva, Biomarkers, Inflammation
     
Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Clinical Medicine
Received: 2025/05/25 | Accepted: 2025/08/2 | Published: 2025/08/8
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