Mon, May 18, 2026
[Archive]
Volume 34, Issue 1 (January & February 2026)
J Adv Med Biomed Res 2026, 34(1): 15-22 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Kadhim A R, Aowda S A, Kareem M M. Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Polyacrylic acid Drug Conjugates Using Benzidine as a Spacer. J Adv Med Biomed Res 2026; 34 (1) :15-22
URL: http://journal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-7926-en.html
URL: http://journal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-7926-en.html
1- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
2- Education College, Al-Zahrawi University, Babylon, Iraq
3- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq ,sci.mohanad.mousa@uobabylon.edu.iq
2- Education College, Al-Zahrawi University, Babylon, Iraq
3- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq ,
Abstract: (51 Views)
Background & Objective: Polyacrylic acid can serve as an effective drug-delivery platform when conjugated with pharmaceutical compounds via a reliable spacer. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize benzidine-linked polyacrylic acid drug conjugates and evaluate their antimicrobial activity.
Materials & Methods: Conjugates were prepared by reacting polyacrylic acid with benzidine, followed by attachment of carboxylic-acid-containing drugs. The resulting polymers were characterized for structural and physicochemical properties. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was assessed.
Results: FTIR and ¹HNMR confirmed successful conjugation. Polymers showed pH-dependent drug-release behavior and varying molecular weights. AB1 and AB6 exhibited strong inhibition against S. aureus (20 and 18 mm) and moderate activity against E. coli, while AB2 demonstrated the highest effect against E. coli (28 mm). Most conjugates displayed enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the free drugs.
Conclusion: Spacer-mediated polyacrylic acid drug conjugates effectively modulate drug release and enhance antibacterial performance, highlighting their potential as controlled drug-delivery systems.
Keywords: Polyacrylic Acid, Carboxylic Acid Pharmaceuticals, Biological Activity, Antibacterial, Drug Release
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Life Science
Received: 2025/12/3 | Accepted: 2026/02/8 | Published: 2026/02/28
Received: 2025/12/3 | Accepted: 2026/02/8 | Published: 2026/02/28
References
1. Patil D, Pawar S, Devan R, Gang M, Ma Y, Kim J, et al. Electrochemical supercapacitor electrode material based on polyacrylic acid/polypyrrole/silver composite. Electrochimica Acta Aug. 2013(105):569-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.022]
2. Guo T, Chang S, Pyo S. Vertically integrated electronic circuits via a combination of self-assembled polyelectrolytes, ink-jet printing, and electroless metal plating processes. Langmuir. 2002 18(21):8142-7. [DOI:10.1021/la0257889]
3. Doungsong N. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (acrylic acid) based Microgels for Formulation Applications: Bristol; 2018.
4. Li L, Zhang L, Wang T, Wu X, Ren H, Wang C, et al. Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Novel Spherical Au Nanocluster Assemblies@ Polyacrylic Acid/Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Dual‐Modal Imaging‐Guided Cancer Chemotherapy. Small. 2015;11(26):3162-73. [DOI:10.1002/smll.201570149] [PMID] [DOI:10.1002/smll.201570149]
5. Couto D, Sousa R, Andrade L, Leander M, Lopez-Quintela M, Rivas J, et al. Polyacrylic acid coated and non-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are not genotoxic to human T lymphocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2015;234(2):67-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.010] [PMID]
6. Qiu Y, Park K. Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;53(3):321-39. [DOI:10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00203-4] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Cho S, Choi H. Preparation of mucoadhesive chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) microspheres by interpolymer complexation and solvent evaporation method II. Arch Pharm Res. 2005;28(5):612-8. [DOI:10.1007/BF02977767] [PMID]
8. Müller C, Leithner K, Hauptstein S, Hintzen F, Salvenmoser W, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Preparation and characterization of mucus-penetrating papain/poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles for oral drug delivery applications. J Nanopart Res. 2013;15(1):1353. [DOI:10.1007/s11051-012-1353-z]
9. Erdoğan M, Yeşildağ A, Yıldız B, et al. Synthesis and characterization of some benzidine-based azomethine derivatives with molecular docking studies and anticancer activities. Chem Pap. 2023(77):6829-47. [DOI:10.1007/s11696-023-02981-3]
10. Haley T. Benzidine revisited: a review of the literature and problems associated with the use of benzidine and its congeners. Clin Toxicol. 1975;8(1):13-42. [DOI:10.3109/15563657508988044] [PMID]
11. Amer Y, El-Daghare R, Hammouda A, El-Ferjani R, Elmagbari F. Synthesis and Characterization of Cr(III) & Fe(II) Bis(2-Methoxybenzylidene)Biphenyl-4,4'-Diamine Complexes. Open J Inorg Chem. 2020(10):6-14. [DOI:10.4236/ojic.2020.101002]
12. Saxena A, Mohit K. Synthesis, Spectral Studies, Antifungal Activity and Biological Study of Bis (2 Hydroxy Benzylidene) Benzidine Titanium (III) Chloride with Schiff Bases Derived from Aromatic Amines. 2015;2(2).
13. Lamberth C, Dinges J. Different roles of carboxylic functions in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Bioactive Carboxylic Compound Classes. Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals. 2016. pp. 1-1. [DOI:10.1002/9783527693931.ch1]
14. Kaur A, Kaur A, P, Kaur V, Kaur M. Murthy RS. Polymeric drug delivery approaches for colon targeting: A review. Drug Delivery Letters. 2014;4(1):38-48. [DOI:10.2174/22103031113036660017]
15. Kharkwal H, Janaswamy S. Natural polymers for drug delivery: CABI; 2016.
16. Mubark H, Thejeel K, Karhib M, Kareem M. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of 1, 2, 3-triazole, and tetrazole derivatives of cromoglicic acid. Eurasian Chem Comm. 2023;5(8):691-700.
17. Foye W. Principles of medical chemistry: Lea & Febiger; 1989.
18. Mousa Kareem M, Abdullah AL. New prodrug polymers functionalized based on Maleimide. Journal of Physics: Conference Series: IOP Publishing; 2019. pp. 052031. [DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1294/5/052031]
19. Li S, Yang Y, Yang X, Xu H. In vitro degradation and protein release of semi‐IPN hydrogels consisted of poly (acrylic acid‐acrylamide‐methacrylate) and amylose. J Appl Polym Sci. 2007;105(6):3432-8. [DOI:10.1002/app.26389]
20. Awad A, Kareem M. Synthesis of biological active compounds based on derivatives of maleimide. AIP Conference Proceedings: AIP Publishing LLC; 2022. pp. 040005. [DOI:10.1063/5.0112675]
21. Kim S, Lee C, Lee Y, Kim I, Kim S. Electrical/pH-sensitive swelling behavior of polyelectrolyte hydrogels prepared with hyaluronic acid-poly (vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer networks. React Funct Polym. 2003;55(3):291-8. [DOI:10.1016/S1381-5148(03)00019-1]
22. Kareem M, Alrazzak N, Aowda S, Lafta A, Mohammed F, Jabir M. Synthesis and characterization of new modified poly (vinyl chloride) polymers and study of their photodegradation under irradiation with ultra-violet radiation. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2023(66):e23210443.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Copyright Policy
Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research by Farname Inc. is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0
