Recently, some evidence has shown that the failure of iron homeostasis may occur in critically ill patients and can lead to iron overload (1, 2). Elevated ferritin levels as a body iron burden index in critically ill patients may be associated with depressed level of consciousness and greater mortality (3, 4). However, the necessity of using iron-chelating agents in clinical situation is still unknown for these cases.
Oxidative stress, inflammation and increased iron stores are concepts related to each other. Oxidative stress has been defined by an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant conditions, which along with boosted inflammatory response have been commonly reported in critical situation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (5, 6). Inflammation and oxidative stress can also be considered as one of the most important probable causes of increased iron stores in critical patients (7). Likewise, iron excess promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress via "Fenton reaction", as well as the increase of susceptibility to infection (2). It should be mentioned that the relationship between iron overload and infectious diseases has been relatively proved (7). Imbalance iron metabolism and iron overload status can be deteriorated after emerging infection in these patients.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogenic bacterium in the genus Klebsiella (1). The aim of this study was to use Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in vaccine design of the capsule antigen of Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1.
The capsular antigen was loaded into the polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles by W/O /W method (5). FT-IR and AFM were used to confirm capsule antigen loading and morphology of the nanoparticles, respectively (6,7). The fever after the vaccination was tested by limolus amoebocyte lysate assay (LAL test)(8). The investigation of the serum of mice by ELISA. Histopathological examination of lung, liver and spleen organs of vaccinated mice in four groups containing five female BALB/C mice (6-7 week-old) was studied after challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mice vaccinated with nanoparticles containing Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular antigen showed that the proposed vaccine has a high potential for long-term and stable protection against pure Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule antigen, activates (T Helper) lymphocytes T, and stimulates memory by stimulating T cells. Indicating the effectiveness of the vaccine, the results revealed that the vaccine could be recommended for animal studies with more samples or phase one clinical trial studies.

COVID-19 spread rapidly worldwide and became a pandemic disease in April 2020. During this period, various medical complications of this disease have been reported, but less attention has been paid to the cognitive aspects caused by the pandemic. In this review article, an attempt has been made to address the cognitive aspects of COVID-19 disease. Importantly, this disease has caused people to use their hands lesser than before the pandemic. It also forces the people to escape from the contaminated regions. In addition, mental fatigue resulting from long-term quarantine and staying at home, social jet lag due to changes in the hours of use of artificial light, economic problems, and poverty resulting from a long-lasting lockdown, are also the consequences of the pandemic. All of these consequences can be led to chronic psychological stress, which may induce several metabolic, immunological, cardiovascular, and psychological impairments and/or disorders. These outcomes indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic is a complicated issue that would not be resolved by considering the epidemiologic rules. There is an urgent need for a new branch of science which could be called “Pandemiology”, which could be categorized as a sub-branch of cognitive science. Pandemiology seems to be an interdisciplinary science and uses the social sciences, psychology, neuroscience, art, economy, politics, medicine, biology, media, and other sciences to better deal with the complications of such emerging pandemics.

Importance of this therapeutic method in Iran is more prominent than other countries in the world for two main reasons; the first one is plant richness, biodiversity, having 11 climates of 13 world-known climates, and diversity of 8000 plant species that are considered as an exclusive capacity in Iran. The second is considering the possibility of inadequate access to medicine at the international level for various reasons, including the lack of financial resources needed to prepare the drug, possible sanctions, or time-consuming access, which makes it even more necessary to pay attention to the importance of herbal medicines. According to what has been mentioned above, two short-term and long-term approaches are proposed to benefit from the regional capacity and potential of medicinal plants and to compensate for the lost date of medicinal plants.
In the short-term solution, the codification and immediate implementation of comprehensive and infrastructure programs to prevent and manage the outbreak of the covid19 disease by highlighting the role of prevention in families. To reach this goal, we need to educate, and aware people of how to exploit and utilize medicinal plants effectively to strengthen their immune systems and also to treat this disease. The long-term approach is having the support of the government and policymakers in recognition the ancient Iranian medicine, valuing and designating funding in expanding researches in this field, advocacy the existing centers of traditional medicine, preventing the easy sailing of related raw products, and considering medicinal plants in the medical structure of the country.

All age groups are at risk of contracting and dying of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, older people and those  with underlying conditions, comorbidities and disability levels are at higher risk of developing a serious illness, especially those living in enclosed spaces such as nursing homes and care centers, are more vulnerable to getting this disease, which can become fatal during this pandemic. Other reasons that make them more susceptible include population density, sharing equipment, poor public health measurements and infection controlling and close contact with roommates, which may all these factors increase the transmission rate and risk of infection. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the outbreak of COVID-19 in a chronic psychiatric rehabilitation center called Behboud center in Hamadan, west of Iran. It is a rehabilitation center with 85 women clients and 16 staff.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious virus that can bring about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Thalassemia syndrome refers to diverse degrees of flaws in α or/and ꞵ globin chains production in erythroid cells. As thalassemia disease is one of the most prevalent problems in Central and Southeast Asia and also can be found in Europe, North America, and Australia, the increasing awareness of momentous risk factors may be supportive for decision making and managing thalassemia patients with a severe clinical picture are required. Some evidence has shown that new emerging COVID-19 can be the origin of serious hitches encompassing the increased possibility of multiple microvascular thrombotic events. COVID-19–associated coagulopathy (CAC) may occur through endotheliopathy, endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis induced by COVID-19 subsequent to inflammatory cell infiltration and endothelial cell apoptosis. Although a few researches on thalassemia population have not propounded thalassemia disease as a significant risk factor for poor clinical outcomes after COVID-19, the care and treatment of the patients who are inflicted by the novel coronavirus should be performed more cautiously due to existing vast variety of clinical glitches which are frequent amid severe cases of thalassemia. In the long run, further data regarding CAC in hospitalized thalassemia cases with COVID-19 infection are needed to reveal the rate of coagulopathy and also determine the necessity of performing coagulation testing counting D-dimer, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, and platelet count.