Background and Objective: Because of the importance of happiness in giving up substance abuse the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coping styles, negative automatic thoughts, and hope with happiness in the addicts referred to Ahvaz drug abuse rehabilitation centers. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised of 100 addicts whom were referred to Ahvaz drug abuse rehabilitation clinics during the year 2011. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method and response to the Parker and Andler coping styles, Miller hope scale, Oxford happiness inventory, and Kendall and Hollon negative automatic thought questionnaires. Results: Our results indicate that there is a significant relationship between coping styles, negative automatic thoughts, and hope with happiness in the addicts. Regression analysis showed that predictive variables were able to predict 60% of happiness, with problem-oriented coping style and hope being the best predictors of happiness. Conclusion: Improving problem-oriented coping style and hope can play a great role in happiness and improving the rate of rehabilitation and recovery in addicts.

Background and Objective: Patients’ hospitalization is always stressful for their family members. Belief in God and religiousness are assumed to have vigorous preventive effect on psychiatric disorders, stress and anxiety. Reliance on God can decrease the concerns resulting from severe diseases. When an individual suffers from a long- lasting and complicated disease and its consequent disabilities, trusts in God, would be helpful to admit disease consequences which subsequently prevents or at least diminishes psychological adverse effects. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlative study analyzed the level of anxiety in 100 family members of hospitalized patients admitted to the intensive cardiac care units. The anxiety levels in patients’ family members were analyzed using HADS (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale) and Religious Beliefs Measurements Scale. The reliability and validity of the scales had already been confirmed by Aghamohammadi and coworkers. The results were analyzed using statistical procedures of Chi-square and correlation tests and logistic regression. Results: 53.2% of the individuals were suffering from anxiety and 56.4% had depression. In persons with no anxiety or depression the relation with strong religious beliefs was significant as shown by Chi-square test (P<0.05). However, 31.2% and 33.2% of the patients’ family members who had depression and anxiety respectively, showed a meaningful relation with average religious beliefs (P<0.05). Conclusion: Religious beliefs have a positive effect on reducing depression and anxiety. Reinforcement of beliefs can reduce depression side effects such as suicide attempts, addiction, immoral actions, personality disorders and sexual disorders.

Background & Objective: The incidence of biofilm-related infections caused by Candida albicans has increased dramatically. C. albicans biofilm-related infections are more resistant to antifungal medications. This work was an attempt to examine inhibitory effects of fluconazole in combination with amphotericin B on fluconazole-resistant C. albicans biofilm.
 Materials & Methods: Fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was identified among colonized clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from the patients at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Yasooj, Iran, between September 2016 and January 2017. The MICs of fluconazole alone and in combination with amphotericin B were determined on fluconazole-resistant C. albicans by broth microdilution method based on the CLSI document M27-A3 and the synergistic effects were interpreted by the FIC index. To address the inhibitory effects of drug combinations, we investigated the anti-biofilm activities of fluconazole alone and in combination with amphotericin B against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans using crystal violet staining, light field microscopy and expression analysis of HWP1 using RT-PCR.
Results: Ten percent of the colonizing clinical isolates of C. albicans were found to be fluconazole-resistant. The fluconazole combined with amphotericin B exhibited synergistic and partial synergistic effects against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates with FIC index ranging from 0.50 to 0.75. Our findings demonstrated that fluconazole combined with amphotericin B exerted a significant reduction and inhibition on biomass, biofilm formation and the expression levels of HWP1 (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Fluconazole combined with amphotericin B showed potent inhibitory activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans biofilm formation. Other measures are important to determine the effectiveness of the drug combinations against C. albicans biofilm.