Background & Objective: Recommended illumination Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) methods were used to measure the illumination in regular geometric areas such as square or rectangular form areas. It seems that with using the GIS method which is used to save, manage and spatial data analysis and processing them by computer we would be able to examine the illumination in many situations and make new predictions. Materials & Methods: In this research the Testo 545 luxmeter sensor was put in height of 30 inches (76 cm) from the bottom of irregular geometric study saloon in libraries of Zanjan. Then total, natural and artificial illumination was measured in the center of each station in lux. These data were entered into Arcview software as input data for analyzing. Thus the illumination quantities, the area coverage percent and isolux curves were obtained for each station. Results: The results showed that illumination quantities in the libraries studied were not suitable because, total, natural and artificial illumination in 51% , 80% and 99% of the libraries were less than 300 lux (IESNA recommended) respectively. Therefore it is necessary to redesign the artificial lighting systems or optimize them in order to achieve the standard illumination. Conclusion: It seems that GIS method could show the distribution of the illumination in the irregular geometric library halls. These data can also be showed as isolux curves with use of interpolation technique by ArcView software.

Background and Objective: In recent decades studies have shown that the main cause of accidents is unsafe acts. Installation of safety signs is a complementary corrective action for unsafe act control. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investgate the effects of safety signs on the modification of unsafe behaviours. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was carried out in one of the turbine manufacturing industries in Iran, based on safety behaviour sampling technique. The unsafe acts was first determined and recorded, then 71 standard safety signs was installed based on (ANSI -Z535.2 & 3-2007) and 3 and 6 months after that the behaviours were evaluated. The behaviours before and after using the safety signs were compared. Results: The frequency of unsafe behaviors was 41.7% before the intervention. The most frequent unsafe behaviours were not or incorrect use of personal protective equipments, taking improper postures and unsafe work at height. There and 6 months after the intervention, unsafe behaviours reduced to 27.3% and 31.3% respectively (p<0.005). Conclusion: The findings showed that safety signs have a statistically significant effect on the reduction of unsafe behaviours. However, this effectiveness will be reducing over the time.

Background and Objective: Leptin is a 16 KDa peptide which has a close correlation with adiposity. However, its effect on lipid profile is controversial in human. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate correlation between variations in serum leptin levels with lipid profile and anthropometric indices in women with different grades of obesity. Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was carried out on 149 healthy non-diabetic women, including 33 normal weight (BMI<24.9 kg/m2) and 116 women with different grades of obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2) with age range of 15-49 years, respectively. Serum levels of leptin, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol) were measured using high-sensitive immunoassay, glucose oxidase and enzymatic methods, respectively. Results: Mean serum leptin levels were 15.34, 32.78, 42.13, 43.22 and 45.23 ng/ml in normal, overweight, obese grade I, obese grade II, and obese grade III women, respectively. Difference in mean of leptin serum level, lipid profile, and anthropometric indices was statistically significant between different groups (p<0.001). Leptin Serum levels had significant correlation with BMI (p<0.05, r=0.623). In addition, it showed a direct significant correlation with levels of fasting blood glucose (r=0.297) and lipid profile [total cholesterol (r=0.347), triglyceride (r=0.428), and LDL-cholesterol (0.367)] (p<0.05). In contrast, it showed an indirect correlation with HDL-C serum levels (r= -0.320, p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of the current study showed that leptin serum level has a close direct correlation with adiposity indices and lipid profile and its level increases significantly with increasing grades of obesity.