Background and Objective: Knowledge of resting metabolic rate and body composition is important for defining appropriate nutritional, energy balance and weight control. The purpose of this study was to compare resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in young sedentary males after aerobic and resistance exercise training. Materials and Methods: Twenty eight sedentary male students were randomly assigned to participate in one of the following groups: endurance program (n=8), resistance program (n=10) and control group (n=10). The exercise training programs consisted of 6 weeks and 3 sessions of aerobic (running, by intensity 65% to 85% of HRmax) and resistance (11 exercises, 3 sets, 10 to 12 repetitions, 65% of 1RM) training per week. Before and after training, resting metabolic rate, body composition and VO‌2max were determined for each participant. Within- group differences were analyzed by using student t-test. One way ANOVA was used for between -group differences. Results: Results demonstrated that RMR increased significantly in resistance training while decreased significantly in endurance training. There was not any significant difference in RMR of the control group (p≤0.05). When RMR was normalized to FFM (kcal.kg FFM-1day-1), there were no significant improvement in RMR for any of the three groups. Total factors involved in body composition decreased significantly at the end of aerobic training. With resistance training, there was a significant decrease in FFM and BMI (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that weight loss programs are more dependent on the amount of energy expenditure during the exercises than on the type of training. The findings support that there is not much difference in using aerobic or resistance training to increase resting metabolic rate and weight loss.

Background and Objective: Appetite monitoring influecnces obesity process. Acylated Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that plays an important role in weight controlling and energy homeostatis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of one cycle circuit resistance training program on plasma acylated ghrelin, insulin and growth hormone in overweight 17-20 year old males. Materials and Methods: Twenty male students with age 18±0.92 years old, height 174.5±5.07 cm, weight 83.57±5.62 kg and BMI 27.48±1.5 kg/m2 (mean ± SE) were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Subjects performed circuit-resistance training protocol with 60% 1RM for 12 weeks. The levels of plasma Acylated ghrelin, insulin and growth hormone, were measured by ELISA method before and after 12 weeks. Results: The results revealed no significant differences in body weight, BMI and insulin level (P=0.83), whereas acylated ghrelin (P=0.02) and growth hormone (P=0.04) increased significantly in the plasma. A significant positive correlation (r=0.58) was found between plasma acylated ghrelin and GH (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that circuit resistance training induces depletion of body energy storage .This issue leads to increase in secration of acylated ghrelin stimulating food intake behavior and compensating for lost energy sources and eventually restoring the body’s energy balance.

   Background & Objective:  Irisin is considered as a candidate to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis to define the effective modes of exercise on irisin concentration in adults.
 Materials & Methods:  Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, and references lists of articles were searched until April 25, 2020. To study the impact of exercise duration (short-term and long-term) on the pre-test and post-test concentration of irisin, 21 studies with 384 subjects were evaluated.
 Results:  In the present study, a significant increase was found in irisin level in long-term resistance training (LTRT) intervention groups (MD:-0.61 ng/ml, 95% CI [-1.12, 0.09], P=0.02). However, no significant changes were reported in the groups of long- term aerobic training, short-term aerobic training, and short + long term aerobic training.
 Conclusion:  The analysis showed that only LTRT among the types of exercise can elevate irisin concentration. Therefore, LTRT seems to have more beneficial influences, compared to other modes of exercise in inclusive irisin responses.