Volume 33, Issue 162 (Special Issue 2025)                   J Adv Med Biomed Res 2025, 33(162): 130-136 | Back to browse issues page

Ethics code: MHD2025

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Al Husaini F K, Al Hilfy A A A H. Study of Clinical Parameters in Pregnant Women with Anemia. J Adv Med Biomed Res 2025; 33 (162) :130-136
URL: http://journal.zums.ac.ir/article-1-7846-en.html
Study of Clinical Parameters in Pregnant Women with Anemia
Faten Khudhair Al Husaini *1 , Alla Abd Al Hassan Al Hilfy2
1- Department of Science, College of Basic Education, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq , fatenkabbas@uomisan.edu.iq
2- Department of Science, College of Basic Education, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq
Abstract:   (157 Views)

Background & Objective: Anemia is the most common maternal health problem during pregnancy. It is associated with various physiological changes, including metabolic and hematological alterations. This study aimed to explore the relationship between anemia and selected clinical parameters in pregnant women, and to assess how age and body mass index (BMI) influence hematological and biochemical indices.
 Materials & Methods: The study was conducted at Al-Hakim Hospital and affiliated medical clinics between June and September 2025. A total of 80 pregnant women aged 25–35 years were enrolled and divided into three groups: Group 1 (Control), 40 non-anemic pregnant women aged 25–35 years. Group 2, 20 anemic pregnant women aged 25–30 years and Group 3, 20 anemic pregnant women aged 30–35 years. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results:  Compared to the control group, anemic women showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), platelet count (PLT), calcium (Ca), and vitamin D levels, while white blood cell count (WBC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were significantly increased. A positive association was found between BMI and anemia, with 49% of anemic women classified as obese (BMI 30–39.9) and 26% as overweight.
Conclusion:  This study highlights notable alterations in complete blood count (CBC), biochemical markers, and BMI among some of pregnant women in Maysan, Iraq. Anemia represents a hematological disorder linked to systemic metabolic imbalances influenced by inflammation, nutrient deficiencies, and obesity. Routine screening for Hb, RBC, FBG, Ca, and vitamin D₃ is strongly recommended during pregnancy to enable early detection and effective management of anemia, particularly among women with higher BMI or advanced maternal age.

Keywords: Anemia, Pregnant Women, Hematologic Tests, Clinical Parameters
Full-Text [PDF 553 kb]   (6 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Medical Biology
Received: 2025/09/22 | Accepted: 2025/11/11 | Published: 2025/12/29
References
1. Azzam A, Khaled H, Alrefaey AK, Basil A, Ibrahim S, Elsayed MS, et al. Anemia in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, determinants, and health impacts in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025;25(1):29. [DOI:10.1186/s12884-024-07111-9] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Strengthening noncommunicable disease integration in all-hazards emergency preparedness and response: policy brief: World Health Organization; 2025.
3. Sunuwar DR, Singh DR, Pradhan PMS, Shrestha V, Rai P, Shah SK, et al. Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):343. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-15265-y] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. Allan GM, Young J. Complete blood count for screening?. Can Fam Physician. 2017;63(10):772.
5. Kaur S, Khan S, Nigam A. Hematological profile and pregnancy: a review. Int J Adv Med. 2014;1(2):68-70. [DOI:10.5455/2349-3933.ijam20140804]
6. Townsley DM. Hematologic complications of pregnancy. Semin Hematol. 2013;50(3):222-31. [DOI:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.004] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Kabir MA, Rahman MM, Khan MN. Maternal anemia and risk of adverse maternal health and birth outcomes in Bangladesh: A nationwide population-based survey. PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0277654. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0277654] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Garzon S, Cacciato PM, Certelli C, Salvaggio C, Magliarditi M, Rizzo G. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Novel Approaches for an Old Problem. Oman Med J. 2020;35(5):e166. [DOI:10.5001/omj.2020.108] [PMCID]
9. Almutairi FS, Alsaykhan AM, Almatrood AA, Almatrood A. Obesity prevalence and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women: a systematic review. Cureus. 2024;16(12):1-20. [DOI:10.7759/cureus.75262] [PMCID]
10. Albrecht M, Worthmann A, Heeren J, Diemert A, Arck PC. Maternal lipids in overweight and obesity: implications for pregnancy outcomes and offspring's body composition. Semin Immunopathol. 2025;47(1):10. [DOI:10.1007/s00281-024-01033-6] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Broughton DE, Moley KH. Obesity and female infertility: potential mediators of obesity's impact. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(4):840-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.01.017] [PMID]
12. Aguree S, Owora A, Hawkins M, Reddy MB. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women with and without Obesity: NHANES 2001-2006. Nutrients. 2023;15(10):2272. [DOI:10.3390/nu15102272] [PMID]
13. Al_Husaini FK, Rasool RN. Study the effect of obesity on hypertension in a sample of women in Misan province. J Biosci Appl Res. 2025;11(3):1040-5. [DOI:10.21608/jbaar.2025.456772]
14. Milman N. Oral iron prophylaxis in pregnancy: not too little and not too much! J Pregnancy. 2012;2012:514345. [DOI:10.1155/2012/514345]
15. Di Renzo GC, Spano F, Giardina I, Brillo E, Clerici G, Roura LC. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Womens Health (Lond). 2015;11(6):891-900. [DOI:10.2217/whe.15.35] [PMID]
16. Waters AL, Crnfa C. Assessment and management of anemia during pregnancy. Women's Health. 2024;11(1):17-34. [DOI:10.51256/WHC022417]
17. González-Fernández D, Nemeth E, Pons EDC, Rueda D, Sinisterra OT, Murillo E, et al. Multiple Infections, Nutrient Deficiencies, and Inflammation as Determinants of Anemia and Iron Status during Pregnancy: The MINDI Cohort. Nutrients. 2024;16(11):1748. [DOI:10.3390/nu16111748] [PMCID]
18. Ciobanu AM, Colibaba S, Cimpoca B, Peltecu G, Panaitescu AM. Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy. Maedica (Bucur). 2016;11(1):55-60.
19. Perepu U, Rosenstein L. Maternal thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;3(1). [DOI:10.17077/2154-4751.1193]
20. Elstrott BK, Lakshmanan HHS, Melrose AR, Jordan KR, Martens KL, Yang CJ, et al. Platelet reactivity and platelet count in women with iron deficiency treated with intravenous iron. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2022;6(2):e12692. [DOI:10.1002/rth2.12692] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. So H, Kwon K, Jung S, Kim K. Physiological Changes and Trimester-Specific Reference Intervals for Complete Blood Count Parameters in Korean Pregnant Women. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(9):1665. [DOI:10.3390/medicina61091665] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Saad RA, Qutob HM. The relationship between anemia and obesity. Expert Rev Hematol. 2022;15(10):911-26. [DOI:10.1080/17474086.2022.2131521] [PMID]
23. Parham M, Tavasoli GR, Arsang-Jang S, Habibi MA, Dameshgi DO, Pashaei MR, et al. Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance in Women with Type II Diabetes: A Single-group, Clinical Interventional Study. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2024;19(3):215-20. [DOI:10.2174/0115748871297808240308102327] [PMID]
24. Fairweather-Tait SJ, Cashman K. Minerals and trace elements. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2015;111:45-52. [DOI:10.1159/000362296] [PMID]
25. Toxqui L, Vaquero MP. Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: a hypothesis. Nutrients. 2015;7(4):2324-44. [DOI:10.3390/nu7042324]
26. Hilton C, Sabaratnam R, Drakesmith H, Karpe F. Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship. Int J Obes. 2023;47(7):554-63. [DOI:10.1038/s41366-023-01299-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
27. Zhou Z, Zhang H, Chen K, Liu C. Iron status and obesity-related traits: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:985338. [DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.985338] [PMID]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2026 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb